Author: Muhammad Minhaj Akhtar

Microeconomic Household Fertility Theory
Development Economics
Muhammad Minhaj Akhtar

Microeconomic Household Fertility Theory

Introduction to Microeconomic Household Fertility Theory The 3rd stage of Demographic Transition Theory marks the decline of birth rate with the increase in level of economic development. To explain this decline in birth rate we use Microeconomic Household Fertility Theory which is the application of consumer behavior in microeconomics. Microeconomic Household

Read More »
Inflation
Macroeconomics
Muhammad Minhaj Akhtar

Inflation, Its Types, Causes and Effects

Inflation Inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over time. When the general price level increases purchasing power of money decreases and each unit of money buys fewer goods and services. Thus, money losses its value. Prof. Coulborn defines inflation

Read More »
Malthus Population Theory
Development Economics
Muhammad Minhaj Akhtar

Malthus Population Theory

In the previous post we study about Demographic Transition Theory. In this post we will discuss Introduction to Malthus Population Theory Thomas Malthus examined the relationship between population growth and food supply in his essay “The Principle of Population” in 1798. This theory has two core principles: Core Principles of Malthusian

Read More »
GDP Deflator
Macroeconomics
Muhammad Minhaj Akhtar

Nominal GDP, Real GDP & GDP Deflator

In this post we will discuss the concepts of nominal GDP, real GDP, GDP deflator and inflation. Before going forward we must know what GDP is? Gross Domestic Product is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a year. To see more

Read More »
Solow Model of Economic Growth
Development Economics
Muhammad Minhaj Akhtar

Solow Model of Economic Growth

In the previous couple of blogs, we discussed the Lewis Theory of Economic Development and International Dependence Model.  In this blog our focus is on neoclassical long run economic growth model. Introduction of Solow Model of Economic Growth The Solow model of economic growth is a well-known Neoclassical exogenous growth model

Read More »
Economic Datasets of Pakistan
Datasets
Muhammad Minhaj Akhtar

Economic Datasets of Pakistan

Explore key Pakistan Economic Datasets. Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) Pakistan Demographic Survey (PDS) Population and Housing Census Pakistan Economic Survey (PES) Handbook of Statistics on Pakistan Economy 2020 Pakistan Annual GDP Data by Sectors Since 1990 Pakistan M2 Monthly Data Since 2008

Read More »
Development Economics
Muhammad Minhaj Akhtar

Demographic Transition Theory

Introduction to Demographic Transition Theory Demographic Transition Theory (DTT) explains how population growth changes as countries move from traditional agrarian economies to modern industrial societies. The theory highlights long-term shifts in birth rates, death rates, and population growth, showing that development transforms population dynamics over time. Early societies experienced high

Read More »
Simple Linear Regression
Econometrics
Muhammad Minhaj Akhtar

Simple Linear Regression Model

Simple Linear Regression Model Simple Linear Regression Model is used to estimate the relationship between one dependent and one independent variable. It is also called bivariate or two variable regression model. For example, regression of consumption on disposable income, regression of sales revenue on advertisement expenses, regression of log of

Read More »
Aggregate Demand
Macroeconomics
Muhammad Minhaj Akhtar

Aggregate Demand and its Components and Aggregate Demand Curve

Aggregate Demand Aggregate demand is the total quantity of goods and services demanded by all households, all firms, government and foreign sector in a year. It is the sum of consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports. It is also called aggregate expenditure or aggregate spending. Therefore, AD represents the

Read More »
International Dependence Models
Development Economics
Muhammad Minhaj Akhtar

International Dependence Model

Classical Theories of Economic Development Linear Stage Models Rostow Stages of Economic Development Harrod-Domar Growth Model Structural Change Models Lewis Model of Economic Development Fei-Ranis Two-Sector Model International Dependence Model Neocolonial Dependence Model The False-paradigm Model The Dualistic-development Thesis Neoclassical Growth Model Solow Growth Model Introduction International dependence models gained

Read More »
Benefits and Costs of Project
Project Appraisal
Muhammad Minhaj Akhtar

Types of Benefits and Costs of Project

In the previous couple of posts we learned about what a project is, it’s different types, project dimensions, project life cycle which you can access at What is Project, Its Types, Dimensions and Project Life Cycle. Moreover, we have also discussed what is project appraisal, its objectives and various aspects of

Read More »

Econometrics-I Short Questions

Econometrics: Literally, the word econometrics means economic measurement or the measurement of economic relationships. According to Goldberger: Econometrics may be defined as the social science in which the tools of economic theory, mathematics and statistical inference are applied to the analysis of economic phenomena. Uses/functions/objectives of econometrics: Econometrics is often used to Testing economic

Read More »

Development Economics Short Questions

Short Questions Absolute poverty is the situation of being unable or only barely able to meet the basic needs of life such as food, clothing, shelter, and basic health care. According to World Bank, nowadays global poverty line is 3 USD per person per day. Absolute poverty line is the

Read More »
Lewis Model of Economic Development
Development Economics
Muhammad Minhaj Akhtar

Lewis Theory of Economic Development

Classical Theories of Economic Development Linear Stage Models Rostow Stages of Economic Growth Harrod-Domar Growth Model Structural Change Models Lewis Two-Sector Model Fei-Ranis Two-Sector Model International Dependence Model Neocolonial Dependence Model The False-paradigm Model The Dualistic-development Thesis Neoclassical Growth Model Solow Growth Model In the couple of previous blogs we

Read More »

Principles of Macroeconomics Short Questions

Short Questions Consumption is that part of disposable Income which is spent on consumer goods and services. The relationship between consumption and income is represented by consumption function written as C=f(Y). The slope of this function is called MPC. Saving is that part of disposable income that is not consumed.

Read More »